Introduction
In Islamic tradition, ṣalāt (often translated as ‘prayer’) and zakāt (often translated as ‘almsgiving’) are considered fundamental pillars. But does the traditional interpretation of these terms align with the original message of the Qur’an? A deeper analysis reveals that ṣalāt and zakāt in the Qur’an have a broader and deeper meaning than commonly understood. This article sheds new light on these concepts and their connection to the core message of submission to Allah.
Ṣalāt: More Than a Ritual, a Connection to the Truth
The Etymology of Ṣalāt
The word ṣalāt (صلاة) comes from the root ṣ-l-w (ص-ل-و), which encompasses meanings such as connecting, directing, supporting, and being steadfast. This suggests that ṣalāt is essentially an active and conscious connection with the Truth (Allah), characterized by discipline and dedication.
Unlike later fiqh interpretations, which reduce ṣalāt to a fixed ritual with prescribed movements and words, the Qur’an emphasizes ṣalāt as a continuous state of submission and spiritual awareness.
What Does the Qur’an Say About Ṣalāt?
The Qur’an consistently associates ṣalāt with awareness, steadfastness, and justice. Several verses illustrate this:
- “And establish ṣalāt for My remembrance.” (20:14) → This suggests that ṣalāt is a means to remain connected with Allah.
- “Righteousness is not turning your faces toward the east or the west, but true righteousness is… helping those in need, maintaining ṣalāt, and giving zakāt.” (2:177) → This shows that ṣalāt is not merely an external ritual but is intertwined with justice and compassion.
- “Those who remain steadfast in their ṣalāt and do not become distracted.” (70:23) → This implies that ṣalāt is a constant spiritual state.
- “Those who, if We establish them in the land, uphold ṣalāt and give zakāt, and enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. And to Allah belongs the final decision.” (22:41) → This verse links ṣalāt and zakāt to ethical leadership and social responsibility.
Ṣalāt Times in the Qur’an: A Moment of Connection, Not a Rigid Schedule
The Qur’an mentions different times for ṣalāt, but nowhere does it prescribe a fixed five-times-daily ritual. Instead, natural moments of reflection and spiritual reorientation are highlighted:
- 17:78 → “Maintain ṣalāt from the declining of the sun until the darkness of the night, and the recitation of dawn, for indeed, the recitation of dawn is witnessed.”
- This refers to ṣalāt from sunset (Maghrib) to the darkness of night (Isha), with a separate mention of Fajr (dawn recitation).
- 11:114 → “And establish ṣalāt at the beginning of the day and as the night approaches.”
- This refers to morning and evening as moments of spiritual devotion.
Ṣalāt Postures in the Qur’an: No Fixed Steps, but a Posture of Humility
The Qur’an mentions different postures during ṣalāt but not as obligatory steps in a fixed ritual:
- Standing (qiyām): “They stand and recite the verses of Allah during the night.” (3:113)
- Bowing and prostrating (rukū’ and sujūd): “O you who believe, bow and prostrate, and be devoted to your Lord.” (22:26)
This shows that these postures are ways to express devotion and humility but are not mandated as a specific sequence of actions.
Zakāt: More Than Charity, a Purification of Wealth and Moral Awareness
The Etymology of Zakāt
The word zakāt (زكاة) comes from the root z-k-w (ز-ك-و), which means to purify, grow, and flourish. In the Qur’an, zakāt refers to an act of purification, both in material and moral terms.
What Does the Qur’an Say About Zakāt?
The Qur’an frequently pairs zakāt with ṣalāt, suggesting that it is not merely a financial obligation but a broader form of purification and justice:
- “And purify them with it and elevate them with it.” (9:103) → This indicates that zakāt is a means of spiritual and moral growth.
- “And they were commanded to worship Allah alone, to maintain ṣalāt, and to give zakāt. That is the true religion.” (98:5) → This emphasizes zakāt as part of a just way of life.
- “And he enjoined his people to uphold ṣalāt and zakāt and was pleasing to his Lord.” (19:55) → This shows that zakāt is a fundamental principle of ethical conduct.
- “And those who maintain ṣalāt and allocate a rightful portion of their wealth for those who ask and those who are deprived.” (70:23-25) → This highlights zakāt as a form of fair distribution.
Zakāt as Just Distribution and Moral Purification
- Zakāt is not merely a percentage of wealth but a principle aimed at purifying unjust wealth and promoting social justice.
- It is not just about giving money but also about fair trade, avoiding exploitation, and ensuring a balanced society.
Conclusion: Rediscovering the True Meaning of Ṣalāt and Zakāt
✔ Ṣalāt means ‘steadfast devotion and connection to the Truth’ and is not limited to a ritual prayer but is a continuous spiritual posture.
✔ Zakāt means ‘righteous purification and growth’ and encompasses both material and moral purification.
✔ Both concepts are fundamental to a just life and are deeply interconnected in the Qur’an.
💡 By rediscovering ṣalāt and zakāt in their original Qur’anic meanings, we can achieve a deeper connection with the Truth and build a society founded on justice, devotion, and moral purification. 🚀
